KEANEKARAGAMAN GANYONG DI PROVINSI BENGKULU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32556/floribunda.v5i3.2015.1Keywords:
Bengkulu, Canna indica L., kladistik, kultivar, fenetik.Abstract
Ganyong (Canna indica L.) merupakan tanaman pangan berasal dari Amerika Selatan yang tersebar di seluruh kawasan dunia dan banyak dibudidayakan di daerah tropis seperti Indonesia, terutama PulauSumatera. Variasi rimpang pada kultivar di Provinsi Bengkulu belum terdata dengan baik sehingga diperlukan sistem klasifikasi dalam pengelolaan kultivar ganyong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi keanekaragaman tanaman ganyong di Provinsi Bengkulu dan mengelompokkannya berdasarkan karakter morfologi sehingga membantu dalam pengembangan dan pemuliaan kultivar unggul. Data morfologi yang meliputi rimpang, daun, bunga, buah, dan biji diamati dari 57 tanaman sampel hasil eksplorasi. Tanaman ganyong dikelompokkan secara fenetik menggunakan UPGMA berdasarkan 61 karakter morfologi menggunakan program NTSYS. Hasil analisis menghasilkan tujuh kelompok ganyong berdasarkan karakter rimpang, daun, bunga, dan buah. Hasil pengelompokan ganyong di Bengkulu kemudian dibandingkan dengan kultivar yang sudah terdaftar di Asia. Sebanyak lima kelompok ganyong di Bengkulu diindikasikan termasuk ke dalam tipe di Asia. Kelompok I dan III termasuk ke dalam tipe Thai-purple, kelompok II termasuk ke dalam tipe Chinese-purple, sedangkan kelompok IV dan V termasuk ke dalam tipe Japanese-green. Hubungan kekerabatan dianalisis secara kladistik menggunakan program PAUP* berdasarkan karakter morfologi menghasilkan pengelompokan: kelompok tetua (kelompok I, II, III) dan turunan (kelompok IV, V, VI, dan VII).References
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