Mitotic and Karyotype of Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. in Central Java

Alstonia macrophylla (Apocynaceae): A New Record of Naturalized Species in Java, Indonesia. Surianto Effendi & Wendy A. Mustaqim .................................................................. 207–212 Mitotic and Karyotype of Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. in Central Java. Wahyu Kusumawardani, Muzzazinah & Murni Ramli ............................................. 213–219 Catatan pada Rumput Kebar (Oxalidaceae). Yasper Michael Mambrasar, Taufik Mahendra, Megawati & Deby Arifiani............ 220–224 Variasi Ciri Mikromorfologi Biji Begonia (Begoniaceae) di Sumatra. Deden Girmansyah, Rugayah, Sulistijorini & Tatik Chikmawati ............................. 225–235 Epistola Botanica Marasmiellus sp. (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) from Simeuleu Island, Sumatra Indonesia Atik Retnowati & Dewi Rosalina ............................................................................. 236–237 PRINTED ISSN : 0215-4706 ONLINE ISSN : 2469-6944


Pengolahan naskah
Sidang penyunting bersama sekelompok mitra bestari akan mengaji ulang kesesuaian isi dan keselarasan format setiap naskah dengan Floribunda. Perubahan yang dilakukan akan dikomunikasikan kepada penulis dalam bentuk contoh cetak akhir sebelum diterbitkan. -Alstonia macrophylla (Apocynaceae), a Malesian widespread species tree, here for the first time is formally reported to be naturally found in Java. The report is based on plants growing in the Ciampea limestone hills, Ciampea sub-district, west of Bogor, West Java. Description, ecology, illustration and a brief discussion regarding the occurrence state of this species as naturalized species in Java are presented. A key to Alstonia species in Java is also given. Keywords: Pulai, taxonomy, tree species, West Java.

Kantor penyunting
In recent years, the number of taxonomic studies in Java has been increased. Although plant diversity in this island has been thoroughly studied mainly by the publication of three volumes of Flora of Java by Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink (1963;1965;1968), further occurrence records of native or even new species have been pub- In this paper, we formally report the occurrence of Alstonia macrophylla, a tree species belongs to the dogbane family (Apocynaceae), for Java. Alstonia is a pantropical genus that so far contains 43 species of which 16 has been reported in Malesia. In Flora Malesiana, the genus in Java is represented by four species which all of them are non-endemics (Sidiyasa 2007). Our discovery becomes the fifth species of Alstonia found in Java.
The plant was discovered in Ciampea limestone hills, west of Bogor. Ciampea is an interesting and popular for botanists, particularly due to the presence of single hill endemic orchid Zeuxine tjiampeana (Comber 1990). Together with the presence of mining activities, some floristic and/or ecological studies have been carried out (Sartika 2007;Satyanti & Kusuma 2010;Widiyanti & Kusmana 2014). The location thus can be considered as a well-studied site. However, none of these studies mentioned the occurrence of A. macrophylla, which is rather common in some parts of the Ciampea limestone hills.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The plant material was collected using standard guidelines following Bridson & Forman (1992). The plant with flowers and/or fruits has been processed into dried herbarium specimens. The description is based on fresh material. To confirm the identity of the plant we use Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965)

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The Occurrence State of Alstonia macrophylla in Java The occurrence state of A. macrophylla in Java is intricate. Limestone hill is one of the habitats for the species in its wild state in its native range (Sidiyasa 2007). This gives us the impression that the species is possibly wild and native. However, during an exploration in an urban ecosystem of East Jakarta, around 100 km NE of Ciampea, the first author collected photographs of A. macrophylla (Fig. 1). Unfortunately no specimen could be collected due to permission. Besides that, this species is not included in the latest Jakarta's spermatophyte checklists (Mustaqim et al. 2019). It was seen growing in a camping ground where most of the tree species were planted. Some general explorations carried out by the first author since 2014 in some areas located between the two localities have shown that no individual of this tree species has been found.
Plant naturalization in Bogor and its surrounding regions is quite common (Mustaqim & Nisyawati 2016;Mustaqim et al. 2017;Nisyawati & Mustaqim 2017;Hariri & Irsyam 2018;Irsyam & Mountara 2018;Irsyam et al. 2019aIrsyam et al. , 2019bMustaqim 2019;Irsyam et al. 2020). There is a good example of undetected but already widespread species of alien tree of Cecropia peltata. This species was just reported in 2010 but already has a wide distribution in Bogor and the surrounding areas (Sheil & Padmanaba 2011). It has become quite common in some places (Nisyawati & Mustaqim 2017) including the Ciampea limestone hills where we found the population of A. macrophylla. A. macrophylla has a high capacity of becoming invasive (PIER 2008) and was just reported as possibly naturalized in Singapore (Middleton & Rodda 2019).
We considered that the population of this species in Ciampea is a result of naturalization. The source possibly from plants cultivated in the Bogor Botanical Gardens and possibly the seeds were dispersed by wind. Moreover, this species is quite prominent in appearance and is highly likely to be overlooked in the previous exploration, especially during the Dutch era where many plant specimens have been collected from Ciampea limestone hills which strongly shown that the area has been quite routinely explored. This has been shown by notes in the taxonomic account of certain species such as Aeschynanthus pulcher (Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink 1965) and Zeuxine tjiampeana (Comber 1990). These all indicate that the presence of this species in Ciampea limestone hill is relatively new and become another reason why this species should be categorized as a result of naturalization.
Ecology. In Ciampea, the plant was discovered from an elevation below 300 m asl. It is growing in the mixed forest on a limestone hill. We estimated that there are more than 30 mature trees of A. macrophylla growing in Ciampea Limestone Hill. Many seedlings and treelets also have been recorded during field exploration.

Notes. A. macrophylla is unique among other
Malesian species by the combination of the following: leaves arranged in 3 or 4 whorls with thickly coriaceous blades, outer surfaces of sepals that are glabrous or laxly puberulous, the corolla tube at most 1.5 times as long as the lobes and the dextrorse corolla lobes. This species is similar to A. breviloba, a New Guinean endemic, which the latter differs by the chartaceous to coriaceous leaf blades and corolla tube is only up to 2.1 times as long as the lobes. In Java, this species is similar to A. spectabilis, also a quite widespread species, by the dextrorse corolla lobes, but A. macrophylla possesses falcate corolla lobes (vs not falcate in A. spectabilis) (Sidiyasa 2007

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The first author thanked Eka Setiawan, Syafroni Pranata, and all field colleagues from Plant Biology Department 2017 who help us to the field where the species was found in Ciampea for the first time. Special thanks to Asih Perwita Dewi (Herbarium Bogoriense) who kindly helping us examined the Alstonia specimens in BO.